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Four Drawer Tool Cart Screws

Written By samedi 1 janvier 2022 Add Comment Edit

"Frearson" redirects hither. For Samuel, Septimus and Robert, publishers and printers of South Australia, get a line Frearson Brothers.

Wikipedia list clause

At a minimum, a screw repel is a limit of shaped cavities and protrusions along the screw channelize that allows torque to be applied to it.[1] [2] Commonly, it as wel involves a mating tool, such as a screwdriver, that is used to turn it. The following heads are categorized supported relative frequency,[ citation needed ] with some of the less-common drives existence grouped as "tamper-resistant."

Most heads come in a range of sizes, typically magisterial by a enumerate, such as "Phillips #00". These sizes do not necessarily describe a particular dimension of the drive in shape, but kinda are discretionary designations.

Slotted drives [edit out]

Slot drive tool and screw sizes[3]
Steel width Bed sized
in millimeter
3⁄32 2.4 0–1
1⁄8 3.2 2
5⁄32 4.0 3
3⁄16 4.8 4–5
1⁄4 6.4 6–7
5⁄16 7.9 8–10
3⁄8 9.5 12–14
7⁄16 11 16–18
1⁄2 13 18–24
Criterional slot screwdriver sizes (ISO 2380).[4]
Thickness
(mm) 		Width
(millimeter) 		Torque
(N·m)
0 .4 2 0
 .3
2
 .5 0
 .4
0
 .5 3 0
 .7
0 .6 3 1
 .1
3
 .5 1
 .3
0
 .8 4 2
 .6
1 4
 .5 4
 .5
5
 .5 5
 .5
1 .2 6
 .5 9
 .5
8 11
 .5
1 .6 8 20
 .5
10 25
 .6
2 12 48
2
 .5 14 87
 .5

Slot [edit]

Slot piece of ass drives have a single horizontal indentation (the one-armed bandit) in the fastener head and is driven by a "common blade" or flat tire-bladed screwdriver. This form was the first type of screw campaign to be developed, and for centuries, information technology was the simplest and cheapest to fix. Additionally, it is unique compared to other common drives, due to that being straightforward to fabricate the expansion slot head, and the power to be involuntary by a easy handtool. The slotted screw is commonly institute in existing products and installations, along with use in simple carpentry work and in applications where minimal torque is required. Slot screws are also used in the refurbishment of antique furniture, vehicles, and equipment.

Nevertheless, this aim is non well-suited for installment past power tools, given that a power driver often slips out of the slot; this often causes hurt to the screw and surrounding material. For this reason, cruciform-slotted on with drives rich person replaced the one-armed bandit drive in numerous applications. The tool ill-used to repulse a time slot is called a common blade, flat-blade, slot-head, two-dimensional-gratuity [3] or savorless-head /flathead [5] screwdriver. A hollow-ground screwdriver is less verisimilar to Cam out (leave the slot due to the torque existence translated into an lengthwise force, similar to that encountered with Phillips push back but dependent only on driver leaf blade), so more torsion can be applied without damaging the screw head. Flat-blade jeweler's screwdrivers and the tips found in 1⁄4 -inch or 6.4-millimeter drive sets are generally hollow-ground. Note that it is this typical rip off shape which allows 9 screwdriver sizes to drive 24 different slotted screw sizes, with the drawbacks of non proper as closely as a empty-ground screwdriver would, and increasing the possibility of prejudicious the fastener or surrounding arena.

ISO 2380-1[4] specifies the internationally standardized shape and dimensions of the tips of screwdrivers for slotted-top dog screws as healed A the minimum test torque the blade-to-deal joining shall withstand. Screwdriver tips are in general designated aside brand thickness × width in mm, e.g. 1.2 × 6.5 which roughly matches a classic Northwestern American 1/4" screwdriver although the North American one is often a bit thinner (~1.0 mm).

At least one robotlike method of temporarily holding a slotted screw to a matching screwdriver is available, the Quick-Wedge screw-keeping screwdriver, first manufactured by the Kedman Company in the 1950s.[6]

Dzus fasteners, which have a Cam-lock body instead of a threaded body, use a slot movement.

Coin-slot [redact]

Coin-slot drives are questionable because of the incurvate bottom of the recess, which facilitates driving them with a suitable coin. They are often used on items where the exploiter is non likely to give a screwdriver when needed, such as recessed screws that attach cameras to tripod adapters, and battery compartments in approximately equipment such arsenic children's toys.[ citation requisite ]

Hi-Torque [edit out]

Hi-Torque slot drives were designed by Alcoa Fastening Systems, for situations where very high torsion is needed, along with the power to repeatedly put in and remove the fastener.[7] The design features curved walls, unequal the direct-walled slot drive.

The Type II (Conical/Connie) design adds a conical cup that receives a centering pin on the driver, rising the alignment of the driving puppet to the fastener recess.

Cross [edit]

A cross surgery double-slot screw drive has ii slots, oriented vertical to each else, in the fastener head; a slotted screwdriver is still used to drive just one of the slots. This type is usually found in inexpensively-made roofing bolts and the like, where a thread of 5 millimetre (0.20 in) operating theatre above has a large flattened pan head. The advantage is that they provide some measure of redundancy: should one slot be malformed in Robert William Service, the second may still be exploited and the tool cannot slew out.

Cruciate drives [edit]

The following are screw drives based connected a cruciform shape; i.e., a thwart shape. Other names for these types of drives are ill-natured recessed, cross-mind, cross tip, and cross-point. A double slotted screw drive is not considered cruciform because the shape is not recessed, and consists only of two overlying simple milled slots. Just about of these types are specified in ISO 4757, Cross recesses for screws.

Phillips [edit]

Phillips drive tool and fastener sizes[3] [8]
Driver
size up 		Wood bang
size 		Machine screw size
#0 #0–1 M1.6, M2 (DIN: equitable M1.6)
or #0, #1
#1 #2–4 M2.5, M3 (DIN: likewise M2)
or #2, #3, #4
#2 #5–9 M3.5, M4, M5
or #5–10
#3 #10–16 M6
operating theatre #12, 1/4 in.,
plus 5/16 in. if beat-head
#4 #18–24 M8, M10
or 3/8 in., 9/16 in.,
plus 5/16 in. if flat-head
#5 5/8 in., 3/4 in.

The Phillips screw effort (specified as an ANSI Type I Cross Recess[9] and type H in ISO documentation) was created by Whoremonger P. Thompson, who, after failing to interest manufacturers, sold his design to businessman Henry F. Phillips.[10] [11] Phillips is credited with forming a party (Phillips Love Company), improving the design, and promoting the adoption of his production.[10] The original 1932 patent[12] expired in 1966, just the Phillips Screw Company continuing to develop improved designs.[10]

The American Screw Company of Providence, Little Rhody, was amenable for devising a means of efficiently manufacturing the screw, and successfully patented and licensed their method acting; other make love makers of the 1930s dismissed the Phillips conception because it titled for a relatively complex recessed socket conformation in the head of the nookie, as distinct from the acicular milled time slot of a slotted jailer. The Phillips screw design was developed as a direct solution to several problems with slotted screws: high Cam River out potential; need for precise alignment to avoid slippage and damage to driver, fastener, and adjacent surfaces; and difficulty of drive with powered tools.

Phillips drive bits are often selected by the letters "PH",[10] plus a sizing code 0000, 000, 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 (in order of flaring size of it); the numerical bit size codes do not necessarily correspond to token screwing size numbers.[3] [13]

A Phillips screw head is significantly different from a PoziDriv;[10] see § Pozidriv section under for details.

The design is often criticized for its tendency to cam out at lower torsion levels than other "cross header" designs. In that respect has long been a popular notion that this was a deliberate have of the design, to assemble aluminium aircraft without overtightening the fasteners.[14] : 85 [15] Extensive evidence is lacking for this specific narrative, and the feature is not mentioned in the unconventional patents.[16] However, a 1949 refinement to the innovative figure delineated in US Patent #2,474,994[17] [18] [19] describes this feature article.

Pozidriv [edit]

Pozidriv screw and screwdriver

The Pozidriv (sometimes incorrectly spelled "Pozidrive") is an improved version of the Phillips screw drive. It is designated "Typewrite Hawkeye State" by ANSI standards.[20] and "Type Z" in ISO documents. The Pozidriv was patented by GKN Screws and Fasteners in 1962.[21] [22] It was designed to appropriate more than torque to cost applied and greater troth than Phillips drives. Equally a result, the Pozidriv is inferior likely to cam out.[10] [23] [24] It is similar to, and compatible with, the Supadriv screw drive.[25]

Pozidriv screwdrivers are often designated using the letters "PZ" followed by a size code of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 (in order of increasing size).[10] The numbers do not jibe to nominative gaoler size numbers. PZ1 is normally used on jailer diameters from 2-3mm, PZ2 from 3.5-5mm and PZ3 from 5.5mm to 8mm. These sizes roughly stand for to the Phillips head numbers.

Pozidriv screws have a set of light indentations (tick marks) prepare at 45° from the main cross recess on the top dog of the get laid, which makes them visually distinct from Phillips screws.[10]

Piece a Phillips screwdriver has slightly narrow flanks, a pointed tip, and rounded corners, a Pozidriv screwdriver has parallel flanks, a blunt tip, and additional smaller ribs at 45° to the main slots. The manufacturing action for Pozidriv screwdriver bits requires a slightly Sir Thomas More interlocking cutter than that for Phillips, nonetheless some can be manufactured in four cuts from a tapered blank.

Pozidriv and Phillips seem generally interchangeable, but Crataegus oxycantha cause price if incorrectly used. Pozidriv screwdrivers will jam fit into Phillips screws, just when demanding they may slip or tear out the Phillips chicane head. Conversely, while Phillips screwdrivers will loosely fit and turn Pozidriv screws, they will cam come out if enough torsion is applied, potentially damaging the screw top dog Beaver State screwdriver.[10] [23]

JIS B 1012 [edit]

JIS cruciform number one wood sizes[1]
Driver
sizing 		Machine hump
sizing
#000
#00
#0
#1 M2, M2.2, M 2.5
#2 M3, M3.5, M4, M4.5, M5
#3 M6, M8

The JIS B 1012 is commonly found in Japanese made equipment, such American Samoa cameras and motorbikes. Superficially it looks similar a Phillips screw with narrower and more vertical slots, to give less tendency to cam come out of the closet. The buns of the recess is horizontal, and the point of the driver has to be blunt. A Phillips screwdriver has the said 26.5 degree strobile angle but because of the tapered slots will not seat fully, and testament damage the screw if forced. A right sized JIS driver will engage at full astuteness into a Phillips or Pozidriv head screw slightly loosely, but without damage. JIS heads are often identified by a single dot or an "X" to one go with of the spoil slot.[26]

"JIS" exchangeable cruciform-blade screwdrivers are visible for this case of screw, and should always be used to fend off headspring and driver legal injury.

Supadriv [edit out]

The Supadriv (sometimes spelled incorrectly as "Supadrive") cheat drive is really similar in function and appearance to Pozidriv. It is a later development by the same company. The description of the Pozidriv head applies also to Supadriv. While apiece has its own driver,[27] the same screwdriver heads may be used for both types without hurt; for most purposes it is supernumerary to distinguish betwixt the two drives. Pozidriv and Supadriv screws are slightly divers in detail; the later Supadriv allows a small angular offset between the screw and the screwdriver, while Pozidriv has to be directly eligible.[25] [28] [29]

In detail, the Supadriv screwhead is interchangeable to Pozidriv only has only if ii identification ticks, and the substitute blades are large. Driveway blades are about equal thickness. The briny practical difference is in driving screws into vertical surfaces: that close to a just about vertical come out to drive the screws into the drivers, Supadriv has superior bite, making screwdriving more streamlined, with less cam proscribed.[27]

Phillips 2 [redact]

Phillips II recesses are sympathetic with Phillips drivers, but have a consolidation rib in between the cruciform recesses that interacts with horizontal ribs connected a Phillips II driver to create a stick-fit, and to bring home the bacon anti cam-out properties (the ribs are trademarked As "ACR" for Anti Cam-away Ribs).[ citation necessary ]

Frearson [edit]

The Frearson have it off labour, also titled the Reed and Prince screw drive, and specified as ANSI Type II Ill-tempered Recess, is similar to a Phillips merely the Frearson has a acuate tip and bigger angle in the V shape.[20] Indefinite advantage over the Phillips drive is that one driver or bit fits all screw sizes. It is often found in marine hardware and requires a Frearson screwdriver Beaver State bit to work properly. The instrument recess is a perfect, sharp cross, allowing for higher applied torque, unlike the rounded, tapered Phillips point, which tail cam out at high torsion. IT was developed by an English inventor named Frearson in the 19th century and produced from the late 1930s to the mid-1970s. The John Reed &ere; Prince Mfg. Company of Worcester, Massachusetts, was put into failure in 1987 and liquidated in 1990. Another entity called Reed & Prince Manufacturing Corporation, immediately of Leominster, Massachusetts, purchased some of the assets including the name at the liquidation sale.[30]

French recess [edit]

Also called BNAE NFL22-070 after its Bureau de normalisation de l'aéronautique et Delaware l'espace standard number. A cross-head up screw with a cardinal-whole step device driver design, with the blade diameter stepping prepared at a distance from the point.

Mortorq [edit]

The Mortorq drive, developed away the Phillips screw Company, is a format victimised in automotive[31] and aerospace applications. It is designed to be a lightweight, low-visibility and treble-strength drive, with full contact ended the entire respite wing, reducing risk of stripping.[32]

Angulate drives [edit]

Robertson [edit]

Immediate-up of a Robertson turnkey

A Robertson screw, also familiar as a paid [33] Beaver State Scrulox screw drive out, is mere as ANSI Typecast III Aboveboard Center and has a square-shaped socket in the screw head and a square protrusion on the tool. Both the tool around and the socket make a weak taper. In the beginning to make the manufacture of the screws operable victimisation cold forming of the heads,[14] : 79–81 this wax light provides two other advantages which have served to generalize the drive: it makes inserting the tool easier, and tends to help keep the screw on the tool tip without the user needing to hold it on that point.[14]

Oscar Robertson screws are commonplace in Canada, though they have been victimized elsewhere[14] : 85–86 and undergo become much more common in former countries. Arsenic patents expired and awareness of their advantages spread, Robertson fasteners consume become touristed in carpentry and generally construction. Combination Robertson/Phillips drives are often put-upon in the physical phenomenon trade, particularly for device and circuit breaker terminals, as well As clinch connectors.

Robertson screwdrivers are easy to use handed, because the narrow socket tends to retain the screw, even if it is shaken.[14] : 85–86 They also allow for the use of goods and services of angled screw drivers and lop head screws. The socket-headed Robertson screws trim back cam proscribed, stop a mogul tool when set off, and can live far if motley over operating theater old and rusty.[14] : 85–86 In industry, they speed up output and reduce product damage.[14] : 85–86

Multiple-square drives [cut]

LOX-Recess [delete]

The Liquid oxygen-Recess jailer drive was invented by Brad Wilhelm Richard Wagner, and fasteners using it are distributed by licencees Hitachi, Dietrick Metal Framing, and Grabber.[34] The design is four overlapping square recesses, with 12 contact points, and is designed to growth torque, decrease break away, and annul cam-impossible.[35]

Stunt man-lawful [redact]

The double-square drive out is two squares superimposed at 45° rotation, forming an 8-pointed star. The design is similar to a square drive (Oscar Palmer Robertson), but can be engaged at more frequent angles by the driver bit.

Triple-square (XZN) [edit]

M6 and M8 triple square drivers

End view of M10 triple square screw propeller

The triple-second power, as wel known as XZN, is a type of have it away drive with 12 every bit spaced protrusions, all ending in a 90° internecine tilt. The name derives from overlaying three equal squares to form such a pattern with 12 square protrusions (a 12-pointed genius). Put differently, three Robertson squares are superimposed at a successive 30° rotation. The design is similar to it of the double-square—in both cases, the theme being that information technology resembles a square (Robertson) but can be pledged at more predominant angles away the driver chip. These screws can be nonvoluntary with standard Robertson bits.

Sizes are M4, M5, M6, M8, M9, M10, M12, M14, M16, and M18. Despite the alike naming scheme to metric fasteners, in that respect is no correlation between the name of the size and the dimensions of the tool.

The 12-pointed internal genius Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe superficially resembles the "two-fold hex" holdfast head, but differs subtly in that the points are shaped to an internal angle of 90° (derived from a square), rather than the 120° internal angle of a hexagon. In rehearse, drivers for the fasteners may be interchangeable, but should be examined carefully for proper fit before practical application of force. A glamour key should not be used where a key of square cross-section is the correct fit.

Triple-second power fasteners are referred to every bit "slat" in the UK (and possibly elsewhere?). This is potentially confusing if looking for the more queer 12-slat flange type. Patc they are distinguished under close inspection by the angle at the tip of each of the 12 points (with a 90° angle on the XZN, rather of 60°) the comprehensive similarity and ability to sneak in the wrong tool can cause hurt to the head.

Triple-hearty drive fasteners have been used in high-torque applications, such atomic number 3 cylinder oral sex bolts and drive away train components. The fasteners involved have heads that are hardened and tempered to withstand the driving torque without destroying the genius points. They are commonly found on German vehicles such as BMW, Opel, Mercedes, and those from the Volkswagen Chemical group (Porsche, Audi, Seat, Skoda, and Volkswagen).[36]

Internal hex drives [edit]

Positional notation socket [edit]

The enchant socket screw thrust has a hexagonal recess and may be driven by a hex wrench, a.k.a. an Allen spanner, Allen key, hex key, or inbus as well arsenic by a hex screwdriver (also famous as a hex driver) or bit. Tamper-resistant versions with a pin in the recess are available. Metric sizes of the whammy socket are defined by ISO 4762 (socket head cap screws), ISO 4026 (socket set screws with unexciting point), ISO 4027 (socket set screws with cone point), ISO 4028 (socket set screws with dog point), and ISO 4029 (socket set screws with cup betoken).

The German company Bauer & Schaurte patented the hex socket 1936 in Germany, and marketed products based on that.[ citation needed ] The term "inbus" is derived from Innensechskant Bauer u. Schaurte (German: "Inner 6-edge Bauer &adenosine monophosphate; Schaurte"), analogous to the US term "Allen key". In many countries it is commonly but incorrectly called "imbus".[ mention needed ]

Image hex [edit]

Double hex is a screw tug with a socket shaped as cardinal coaxial offset hex recesses; it can exist driven by standard curse key tools. The anatomy resembles trio square and spline screw drives, but they are incompatible.

The radial "height" of each arris is reduced, compared to a six-point, although their total is twofold. They are potentially capable of allowing more torque than a six-point, but greater demands are placed on the metallurgy of the heads and the tools used, to avoid rounding error off and slippage.[ quotation necessary ]

Pentalobular sockets [edit]

Pentalobe [blue-pencil]

The pentalobe have sex drive (often mistaken for 6-point torx screw drives) is a quintet-sharpened tamper-resistant organisation being enforced by Apple in its products.[37] Orchard apple tree's first use of the pentalobe drive was in mid-2009 to secure the battery in the MacBook In favour of. Smaller versions are now used on the iPhone 4 and subsequent models, the MacBook Air (since the late 2010 model), the MacBook Pro with Retina Display and the 2015 MacBook. Nickel-and-dime pentalobe screwdrivers, manufactured aside third parties, are relatively easy to obtain.[38] Pentalobe chicane sizes include TS1 (also illustrious American Samoa P2 or 0.8 mm, used on the iPhone 4 and subsequent models), TS4 (besides known as P5 or 1.2 mm, secondhand on the MacBook Air [since unpunctual 2010], the MacBook Pro with Retina Show and the 2015 MacBook) and TS5 (also known American Samoa P6 or 1.5 mm, used on the 2009 MacBook Pro battery). The TS designation is ambiguous as it is as wel used for a Torq-set shaft drive.

ASTER recess [edit]

The ASTER recess was designed by LISI Aerospace[39] to allow for a more trustworthy solution than the hexagonal recess for assemblies of composite structures on aircraft. This recess is optimized to fit on the threaded closing of aerospace fasteners. These fasteners allow for tightening the nut and holding the bolt simultaneously, on the equal side of the bodily structure, aside only one hustler.

Hexalobular (Torx) [delete]

Main article: Torx

Torx [edit]

The hexalobular socket screw drive, often referred to by the original proprietary brand Torx () or away the alternative generic name star drive, uses a star-shaped recess in the fixing with half a dozen rounded points. It was designed to permit increased torsion transfer from the driver to the bit compared to other drive systems. The drive was developed in 1967[40] by Camcar Textron.[41] Torx is very common in the automotive and electronics industries because of resistance to cam exterior, and extended bit life, besides as reduced operator fatigue duty by minimizing the need to tolerate down on the drive tool to prevent cam out. A tamper-immune Security Torx head has a small pin internal the recess. Owing to its multiple symmetry, a Torx number one wood can also follow used Eastern Samoa an improvised substitute for a hex driver, although careful sizing is critical appraisal to prevent stripping the socket.

Torx Nonnegative [redact]

Torx Plus is an improved version of Torx that extends puppet life justified further and permits greater torque transfer compared to Torx. An International Torx version exists, where the screw head has the shape of a Torx screwdriver bit, and a Torx socket is wont to cause it.

Torx Nonnegative Tamper-Imperviable [edit]

The tamper-noncompliant chance variabl of Torx Asset,[42] sometimes called Torx Plus Security, is a v-lobed variant, with a nitty-gritty post. It is used for security arsenic the drivers are red carpet.

Torx Paralobe [edit]

Torx Paralobe is a further improvement concluded Torx Advantageous,[43] claiming 40% increased drive system torque over Torx and 20% over Torx Plus.

Torx ttap [edit]

Torx ttap is a version of Torx that reduces unsteady betwixt the holdfast and the instrument, and is backward mixable with standard hexalobular tools.[44]

Combination drives (positive-minus) [edit]

A Torx T25/slot Dual Drive out screw, with a

3⁄16 -inch or 4.8-millimeter unstimulating-vane screwdriver on the nigh, and a T25 screwdriver on the right. Both screwdrivers can drive this screw, past design.

Some screws have heads designed to accommodate more than one kind of driver, sometimes referred to as combo-head operating room combi-head. The just about common of these are a combining of a slotted/Phillips head.

Other combinations are a Phillips and Robertson, a Robertson and a slotted, a Torx and a slotted and a triple-drive in chicane that can postulate a slotted, Phillips operating theater a Robertson.

Slotted/Phillips [edit out]

The Slotted/Phillips head is often used in attaching knobs to furniture drawer fronts and combined slotted/pozidriv heads are so ubiquitous in electrical switchgear to have attained the nickname "electrician's screws". (The idea is that first screwdriver out of the toolbox is used, and the user does not receive to godforsaken valuable time searching for the correct device driver). Slotted/Phillips (As conflicting to slotted/pozidriv) heads occur in whatsoever Frederick North American-made switchgear.[ citation needed ] Their upgrade to popular use has been in spite of the fact that the head is weaker and neither a flat screwdriver nor a Pozidriv/Phillips screwdriver Eastern Samoa appropriate is in full successful in driving these screws to the required torsion. Some screwdriver manufacturers solve this problem offer matching screwdrivers and call them "Modulo", "plus-minus", operating theater "contractor screwdrivers", although the original concept of non needing to search for a particular driver is defeated.

ACR Phillips II Plus [edit]

ACR Phillips II Advantageous is a screw-drive design that can be driven by a #2 Phillips number one wood or a #2 Oscar Robertson driver, simply when driven away a Phillips II Asset Bit, the combination results in a stick-paroxysm interface.[45]

Phillips/square [redact]

The Phillips/square screw drive, a.k.a. the Quadrex , Pozisquare screw drive, is a combination of the Phillips and Robertson screw drives. While a standard Phillips or Robertson puppet tail be ill-used, in that respect is also a dedicated tool for it that increases the surface expanse between the tool around and the fastener so it can handgrip more torsion.[46]

Recex [edit]

The Recex drive system claims it offers the combined non-slip convenience of a Robertson drive during production assembly and Phillips for after market serviceability. The Phillips Screw Company offers both Phillips and Pozidriv combo heads with Robertson.[ commendation needful ]

Slotted/Torx [edit]

A combined slotted and Torx drive screw was used in electronics manufacturing. For example, Compaq used this type to mix the benefits of Torx in manufacturing and the commonality of flat motor in field repair situations. The expansion slot was obstructed on the ends to preclude the flat-blade tool from slippy out sideways and harmful nearby electronics.

Clutch [edit]

There are two types of clutch screw drives: Type A and Type G. Type A, alias a "standard clutch", resembles a bowtie, with a smaller circular "knot" at the center. These were common in GM automobiles, trucks and buses of the 1940s and 1950s. Type G resembles a butterfly, and lacks the center "knot".[47] This type of screw head is commonly old in the manufacture of flying homes and recreational vehicles.[48] The clasp head was designed to glucinium driven with a flat-blade screwdriver as fit atomic number 3 a clutch driver.

Thumbscrew [cut]

A thumbscrew is a type of get it on crusade with either a tall head and keeled or knurled sides, or a samara-like flat-sided perpendicular head. They are intended to be demanding and untangled by hand, and non found in structural applications. They are sometimes also cut for Phillips headland or slotted screwdrivers equally fortunate atomic number 3 having the knurl for finger grip. ASME 18.6.8 covers dimensions for Type A (shoulder under the head), regularized and heavy, on with Type B (without shoulder), regular and heavy. They can constitute set up on many computing device cases, and in otherwise locations where rich approach without tools is desired.

External drives [edit out]

External drives are characterized by a distaff tool and a male holdfast. An advantage of external drive fasteners is that they lack a recess in the head, which crapper collect water, stain, or paint, which can interfere with later insertion of a driver tool. Also, some external drives can be engaged from the position, without requiring large inline clearance for tool access, which allows their use in tight spaces such as engines or complex pipework. Because the heads must stand out from the surface they sequester to, they are seldom available in countersunk or flush designs.

Square [edit]

A square screw drive uses many-sided fastener heads which can be turned with an adjustable wrench, wide-end wrench, or 8- or 12-point[49] sockets. Uncouth in the 19th and early 20th centuries, when it was easier and cheaper to manufacture than most other drives, IT is less common today (although still easy to find) because the extrinsic enchant is right away cost-competitive and allows better access for painful scorn nearby obstructions.

Hex [edit]

A hex screw beat back uses six-sided fastener heads, and the fastening is better-known equally a hex head crownwork make love. It can be turned with an adjustable wrench, compounding wrench and 6- or 12-power point sockets. The hex drive is healthier than square drive for locations where surrounding obstacles limit racking access, because small wrench-swing ou arcs can tranquilize successfully go around the fastener. Metric sizes of the hex are specified by ISO 4032 and ISO 4033, plus ISO 4035 for Jam Kooky, and ISO 4014 and ISO 4017 for positional notation ceiling screws, ISO 4018 for Hex head screws (grade c).

Slotted Whammy [edit]

A combining slotted/hex head cap is often used for self-tapping screws for metal, where the hex caput enables greater torque during the initial self-tapping installing, while allowing the convenience of a slotted screwdriver to be used for remotion and reinsertion.

Pentagon [edit]

A pentagon screw drive uses multilateral fastening heads, and the fastener is known as a penta screw or penta bolt. IT is designed to be intrinsically incompatible with many tools. Since five is an odd number, it cannot be turned away open-closing or adjustable wrenches, which have synchronic faces (and thus require a fastening with an even numeral of sides). What is more, it cannot be turned by typical consumer- and professional-grade socket drivers, which own either six surgery xii points (neither of which are multiples of five). Penta en security fasteners likewise are ready, which can only be driven by specialized five-sided socket drivers. However, the security feature of this design hind end be bypassed past using some type of pliers if plenty strength is practical.

Payable to the difficulty of turn these fasteners without specialized (and uncommon) five-point wrenches so much as hydrant wrenches, they are commonly used for tamper electric resistance by public utilities connected body of water meter covers, gas valves, electrical cabinets, and fire hydrants.

External Torx [edit]

An external Torx screw has a protruding head in the bod of a Torx screwdriver flake (instead of a standard recessed dental caries); a Torx socket is utilized to drive IT. The outer "E" Torx linguistic unit sizing does not correspond to the "T" size (for example, an E40 socket is overly large to go a T40, while an E8 Torx socket will healthy a T40 Torx routine[50]). These screws are nigh commonly encountered in the motor industry.

12-direct [edit]

A 12-point screw drive uses two overlapped hexagon shapes, ane rotated away 30°. Standard 12-point hex socket bits and wrenches fit these screws. The screw heads are typically flanged, and may fit into standard Grace Ethel Cecile Rosalie Allen hex socket cap screw counterbores molded or machined into parts to be locked. Compared to Allen hex sockets, the advantages of these bolts include higher torsion capability and the lack of a recess to trap water. A disadvantage is the extra cost involved in forming the heads.

Tamper-nonabsorptive types [edit]

A set of "secure" or otherwise less common screwdriver bits, including secure Torx and unattackable hex OR "allen" variants.

First row: Tri-Fender bits and screw head. To a lower place: Tri-Tip/Y-Type.

Most of the following screw drives are considered tamper-resistant because of their obscureness. Tamper-resistant drives are commonly used on equipment such as nursing home electronics, to prevent wanton access thereby reducing the relative incidence of wrong, improper repairs operating theatre repairs by people without the relevant technical knowledge. Recent widespread availability of assorted drive bits (including certificate types) minimizes this advantage, leastwise for some fastener types. True meddle-resistant screw drives include the breakaway nou and unidirectional screw drives.

In addition to screw drives, various en drives have been designed to make removal difficult without special tools. Trademarked examples include T-Groove, Slot-Lok, Pentagon, Tork-Nut, T-Slope and Spanner designs.[51]

Breakaway head [edit]

The independent header (likewise titled breakoff or shear holdfast)[52] is a high-security fastener whose head breaks off during instalmen, during or immediately after the dynamic procedure, to leave only a smooth surface. It typically consists of a countersunk flat-head bolt out, with a thin stem and hex head protruding from the prostrate question. The hex head is used to driveway the bolt into the countersunk hole, then either a wrench or hammer is used to break the shank and hex head from the flat pass, operating theatre it is nonvoluntary until the driving head shears off. Either method leaves only a undulate bolt foreland exposed. This typecast of bolt is commonly used with prison house door locks, automobile ignition switches, and street signs, to prevent easy removal. An mutually exclusive design leaves a low-profile button head visible after installation.[52] In addition to breaking away bolts, breakaway loony of similar design are available.[53]

In non-security applications, a breakaway head fastener is sometimes used as a crude torque limiter, conscious to break forth at an inexact torque limit. For case, certain toilet backside fastener bolts use a breaking away plastic nut, with the number one wood part intended to shear at a torque senior high enough to prevent wobbling, while not loud the porcelain toilet from excessive pressure. Breakaway fasteners used in a non-security practical application may undergo a second driveable surface (such as a hex head) to allow later removal operating theater adjustment of the fastener after the first breakaway installation.

This drive off type has the disfavour of not being as precisely controlled as can cost obtained away proper practice of a torque turn; applications may still fail collectible to either deficient torque being applied to correctly fasten the united, surgery too more torque beingness required to shear the headway, resulting in damage to the reincarnate being fastened.[ citation needful ]

Bristol [edit]

Bristol head driver sizes[1]
Driver sizing
in mm flutes in mm flutes
0.033 0.84 4 flutes 0.168 4.3 6 flutes
0.048 1.2 4 & 6 flutes 0.183 4.6 6 flutes
0.060 1.5 6 flutes 0.216 5.5 6 flutes
0.069 1.8 4 flutes 0.216 Atomic number 76 5.5 6 flutes
0.072 1.8 6 flutes 0.251 6.4 6 flutes
0.076 1.9 4 flutes 0.291 7.4 6 flutes
0.096 2.4 6 flutes 0.372 9.4 6 flutes
0.111 2.8 6 flutes 0.454 11.5 6 flutes
0.133 3.4 6 flutes 0.595 15.1 6 flutes
0.145 3.7 6 flutes

The Bristol (Likewise named as Gamebit operating theatre Bristol spline) screw drive is a fastener with cardinal or Captain Hicks splines, but is not necessarily tamper resistant.[54] The grooves in the wrench are cut by a square-cornered broach, giving a slight undersell to the outermost corners of the driver. The main advantage to this drive system is that almost all of the turning force is applied at right angles to the fastener spline face, which reduces the possibility of husking the fastener. For this reason Bristol screw drives are often used in softer, non-ferrous metals. Compared to an Allen drive, Bristol drives are less possible to strip for the Lapp amount of torque; however, the Bristol drive is not much more cartoon strip-resistant than a Torx drive.[ citation needed ] It was patented in the United States in 1913 by Dwight S. Goldwin and put into product by the Bristol Wrench Company.[55] [56]

This type of drive is ordinarily misused in avionics, higher-end communications equipment, cameras, air brakes, expression and grow equipment, astronomy equipment, and military equipment. Variants with a pin in the plaza are often found in game systems, to discourage improvised attempts to use a slotted screwdriver to drive the fixing.

Line [edit]

Crease head driver sizes[1]
Internal International Tamper-resistive
ALR2 ALH2
ALR3 ALH3 ALR3T
ALR4 ALH4 ALR4T
ALR5 ALH5 ALR5T
ALR6 ALH6 ALR6T

The line of merchandise screw drive is a Asian country system of rules with male, pistillate and female meddle-resistant screw configurations. The fasteners are commonly called "line oral sex screws". They are alias "game bit screws", referable their employ on some video game consoles. They are set up on IBM computers, as well as Nintendo and Sega systems and their game cartridges. The female sizes are designated ALR2, ALR3, ALR4, ALR5, ALR6; the male sizes are selected with an "H" alternatively of an "R"; and the tamper-resistant female have a "T" at the end of the designation (e.g. ALR3T).[1]

In Japan, the male sizes are often designated equally DTC-20, DTC-27, DTC-40 (discontinued) and DTC-45 corresponding to a single screw head sizing of 3.2mm, 4.6mm, 6.4mm and 7.7mm; with the size of the screw plumbed across the widest portion of the mating part of the head. The most shared sizes in use for consumer electronics are DCT-20 and DTC-27.

One-way [edit]

Indefinite-way screws are special screws that can equal upset only in one direction. They are sometimes named one-way clutch screws, but should not represent confused with true "clutch" screws. They can cost installed with a standard flat-blade screwdriver, but cannot follow easily removed using standard tools. Extraordinary-way screws are commonly used in commercial comfort station fixtures and connected vehicle registration plates, to prevent vandals from tampering with them.

Incomparable-way screws are practical only when the motive for removal is unconvincing. They are indocile to remove with conventional tools because the time slot is designed to reason Cam out when even minimal torque is applied in the direction to unscrew IT. Instead, a one-way screw can be removed by drilling a hole done the head of the screw and inserting a screw extractor. Alternatively, a rotary tool with unkind disk can be used to extend the slot, the head can be gripped with locking pliers, OR the roll in the hay can be separate with a pin spanner (snake-eyes device driver) afterward drilling deuce holes in the slot. It can also sometimes be removed by attaching a precision drill ditch tightly to the screw head, in a manner similar to removing screws that have low heads.[57]

Oval [edit]

Espresso makers from Jura Elektroapparate use a proprietary screwing head with an bizarre oval to dissuade owners from servicing their own machines, only the tool required (or exactly the bit for a common driver) is usually available from the same places that sell the parts directly to consumers.[ citation needed ]

Polydrive [edit]

The polydrive screw drive, alias RIBE,[58] is spline-molded with annulated ends in the fixing head. The tool has six flat teeth at equal spatial arrangement; the sizes are determined away the diameter of the star points. Its primary reward over older screw drives is that it resists cam out. IT is used primarily in the automotive industry in high-torque applications, such as brakes and driveshafts.

Proprietary head [edit]

On that point are specialty fastener companies that make unusual, proprietary head designs, so much as Slot-Lok and Avsafe.[59] These use particular circular surgery oval cam-shaped heads that require complementary socket drivers.

For further security, in that location are custom-designed fastener heads requiring coordinated drivers available solitary from the manufacturing business and only supplied to qualified owners, similar to keyed locks.[60]

The Ultra-Lok, and Immoderate-Lok II are some of these designs that use custom keyed drivers, which be given to be restricted to industrial and institutionalized uses that are unavailable to the average secular. Key-Rex screws are some other invention, and are used in much things as ballot boxes and coin bank vaults.[35]

Same example familiar to laypersons is for the attachment of wheels and spare tires of passenger vehicles to deter theft; one of the lug nuts on each wheel may require a specialised socket provided with the set of block crackers. Similar security department fasteners are likewise available for whee wheels and seats.

Security hex [edit]

A security hex bang drive features an extruded pin to make the fastener more tamper noncompliant past inserting a pin in the fastener love drive, requiring a joyride with a corresponding hole to drive the fastener. This can also preclude attempts at turning the screw with a small flat-bladed screwdriver.

Security Torx [edit]

A security Torx roll in the hay drive is a common modification to socket and cruciform style drives to make the fastener much tamper resistant by inserting a pin in the fastener have intercourse drive out, requiring a tool with a corresponding hole to drive the fastener. This can besides prevent attempts at turning the screw with a small noneffervescent-bladed screwdriver.

Wrench [edit]

The spanner [61] surgery Snake-Eyes (proprietary)[62] have it away drive uses two round holes (sometimes two slots; the duplicate driver bits work in both types) diametrical each other and is designed to foreclose tampering. Other unofficial names include farrow nose, trained head or twin hole.[63] This type is oftentimes seen in elevators and restrooms in the United States, the London Underground in the United Kingdom, some train wagons and the Montreal Metro in Montreal, Quebec City, and is seen in all Leghorn Subway wagons. The drive tool is called a "spanner driver" Beaver State "spanner screwdriver"[64] in the US, and a "pin spanner" in the UK.[ citation required ] They are also often used for conciliative spikes connected golf shoes. The US military's M17 and M18 service pistols (variants of the SIG Sauer P320) use wrench screws to dissuade disassembly of the pistol beyond normal field maintenance except away the authorized artificer, they have also been used previously for strengthener screws on the M14 in order to secure the front locking tab on the powder magazine well, and are commonly institute on the recoil Lugh of redundant rifles.

The knife and gun maker Microtech uses a variation of this with 3 round holes arranged in a triangle shape. The photographic camera society Leica Tv camera has used versions of this on rewind knobs and other levers on their rangefinder cameras.

12-spline flange [edit]

The 12-spline rim screw drive has cardinal splines in the fastener and joyride. It consists of 12 as spaced protrusions, each with a 60° tip. It is achieved overlaying 4 equilateral triangles, each united turned 30° over the previous one. The slat drive was part of the out-of-date, U.S-designed Optimum Metric Fastener System and was circumscribed by ASTM B18.2.7.1M, which was withdrawn in 2011,[65] making the spline drive obsolescent.

Spline drives were specific for 5, 6.3, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 20 millimeter size screws.[66] Its primary advantage is its power to resist Cam River out, so it is used in high-torque applications, such as tamper-proof lug nuts, cylinder head bolts, and other engine bolts.

Care should be taken non to confuse the name of this approach pattern with the casual phrase "spline head" which usually refers to the XZN pattern.

Torq-set [blue-pencil]

Torq-dictated is a cruciform screw private road used in torque-sensitive applications. The Torq-set head is alike in appearance to a Phillips drive in that it has a cross with 4 weapons system. In Torq-set however, the lines are offset from each other, so they suffice non aline to form intersecting slots crosswise the top of the head. Because of this, a lax Phillips Oregon flat-blade screwdriver will not fit the direct. It is old in military and aerospace applications. For example, the E-3, P-3, F-16, Airbus, Embraer, and Bombardier Inc. aircraft.[67] Phillips Screw Company owns the name and produces the fasteners.

The applicable standards that govern the Torq-jell geometry are National Aerospace Standard NASM 33781 and NASM 14191 for the unsmooth interpretation. The ribbed version is alias ACR Torq-set.[68]

Tri-angle [edit]

The Atomic number 73 is a type of screw drive that uses a triangle-shaped recess in the screw headway. This ride can restrict access to the device internals only can readily embody determined with hex keys. These screws are often found in children's toys from fast food restaurants, as well as vacuum cleaners, fan heaters, elevators, camping stoves, golf clubs, Breville kettles and Master Locks, among others, Sizes include TA14, TA18, TA20, TA23 and TA27.[69] Note that the sides of the triangle are straight, which differs from Tri-point-3 fasteners.

Tri-point [edit]

The TP (or Y-type) security department roll in the hay drive is siamese to the Phillips know head, but with three points sort o than four. These specialized screws are unremarkably used connected electronics equipment, including some Nintendo handheld hardware, Sanyo and Kyocera cellular telephones, and Fuji digital cameras. [70] Orchard apple tree uses Y-type screws to assured the battery on the 2010 and 2011 MacBook In favor of, as well as an extremely small type in the Orchard apple tree Lookout, iPhone 7 and iPhone X.[71] [72]

Tri-point-3 [redact]

Oral-B rechargeable toothbrush, showing the TP3 bicephalous chicane used to hold the caseful together. When the rechargeable battery is zero longer serviceable, the toothbrush may comprise dismantled with this screw and the battery and motor units sent one by one for recycling. The assault and battery battery charger has a molded screwdriver connected its incase.

TP3 (sometimes referred to as tri-lobe or tri-lobe) uses a Reuleaux triangle-shaped respite in the screw head, to make it semi-secure because it cannot cost ambitious by a flat-blade screwdriver[73] and is not readily nonvoluntary, every bit Tri-angle is, by enchant keys. It is used connected fast food promotional toys and video games, die-cast toys, and some Roomba barrage fire packs. Thither are quartet sizes: A = 2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.7 millimetre, and 3.2 millimetre.

Tri-groove [edit]

Tri-groove or T-groove is a purpose for a security screw with a flat-topped conical head and three dead radial slots that do not join in the center.

Tri-wing [edit]

The tri-offstage, alias many-sided slotted, is a ass with three slotted "wings" and a humble triangular hole in the center. Dissimilar the "tri-point" fastening, the slots are offset, and manage not intersect the center of the fastener. A version with left-hand threads is called an Opsit gaoler, where unscrewing can be cooked by turning the screwdriver clockwise, which is the opposite of tri-wing and regular screws.[74] [75]

The design was adopted by around parts of the aerospace industry, led by Lockheed in the previous 1970s along the L-1011, simply met with assorted results due to complaints of introduce price during installation.[ quote necessary ] McDonnell Douglas also utilized this as a primary fastener happening its commercial aircraft. British people Aerospace and Airbus are also users of this holdfast. In the on hand day it is usually seen connected electronics equipment.

Other types [edit]

A U-drive screw has a coiling string with an angle acute enough to live motivated by a hammer or pressure from an arbor press, and thus has a domed head with no substance of turn it.[76] These are just about frequently driven into fictile.

See also [edit]

  • Mechanical joint
  • Wrench

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Further reading [edit]

  • Rybczynski, Witold (2000), One Redeeming Turn: A Natural Account of the Screwdriver and the Screw, Scribner, ISBN978-0-684-86729-8, LCCN 00036988, OCLC 462234518. Various republications (paperback, e-book, braille, etc).

External links [edit]

  • Spanner Jaw Sizes
  • Security Fasteners at the University of Wyoming, featuring an extensive list of fastener stick in designs
  • When a Phillips is not a Phillips
  • When a Phillips is Not a Phillips Asset Such More!
  • Screw Drive Systems

Four Drawer Tool Cart Screws

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_screw_drives

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