Ruta Entre the Art Institute in Holland Photo Imaging
| Maastricht Mestreech (Limburgish) | |
|---|---|
| City and municipality | |
 From summit to lesser, left to right: river Meuse in winter · Town Hall by night · sidewalk cafés at Onze Lieve Vrouweplein · Saint Servatius Bridge · Our Lady, Star of the Sea chapel · St. John'southward and St. Servatius' churches at Vrijthof foursquare · View from Mount Saint Peter | |
| Flag Coat of arms | |
| Canticle: Mestreechs Volksleed | |
 Location in Limburg | |
| Maastricht Location within the Netherlands Bear witness map of Netherlands Maastricht Location inside Europe Show map of Europe | |
| Coordinates: 50°51′Northward 5°41′E / fifty.850°N 5.683°East / 50.850; 5.683 Coordinates: l°51′N 5°41′E / 50.850°N 5.683°Eastward / 50.850; 5.683 | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | Limburg |
| Settled | ≈ 50 BC |
| City rights | 1204 |
| Urban center Hall | Maastricht Metropolis Hall |
| Boroughs | 5 districts
|
| Government [1] | |
| • Trunk | Municipal council |
| • Mayor | Annemarie Penn-te Strake (independent) |
| Area [two] | |
| • Municipality | threescore.12 km2 (23.21 sq mi) |
| • Country | 55.99 kmii (21.62 sq mi) |
| • Water | 4.13 kmtwo (1.59 sq mi) |
| Elevation [3] | 49 m (161 ft) |
| Population (Municipality, January 2019; Urban and Metro, May 2014)[4] [5] | |
| • Municipality | 121,565 |
| • Density | two,171/km2 (five,620/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 277,721 |
| • Metro | ≈ three,500,000 |
| Urban population for Dutch-Belgian region;[6] metropolitan population for Dutch-Belgian-German region.[7] | |
| Demonyms | (Dutch) Maastrichtenaar; (Limb.) Mestreechteneer or "Sjeng" (nickname) |
| Time zone | UTC+i (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postcode | 6200–6229 |
| Area code | 043 |
| Website | world wide web |
Maastricht ( MAH-strikht, mah-STRIKHT ,[eight] [nine] [10] Dutch: [maːˈstrɪxt] ( 
listen ); Limburgish: Mestreech [məˈstʀeɪç]; French: Maestricht (archaic); Spanish: Mastrique (primitive)) is a urban center and a municipality in the southeastern Netherlands. It is the uppercase and largest metropolis of the province of Limburg. Maastricht is located on both sides of the Meuse (Dutch: Maas), at the betoken where the Jeker joins it. Mountain Saint Peter (Sint-Pietersberg) is largely situated within the city's municipal borders. Maastricht is adjacent to the border with Belgium. It is part of the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion, a metropolis with a population of almost 3.9 meg, which includes the nearby German and Belgian cities of Aachen, Liège and Hasselt.
Maastricht developed from a Roman settlement (Trajectum ad Mosam) to a medieval religious heart. In the 16th century it became a garrison town and in the 19th century an early industrial centre.[11] Today, the city is a thriving cultural and regional hub. It became well known through the Maastricht Treaty and equally the birthplace of the euro.[12] Maastricht has 1677 national heritage buildings (rijksmonumenten), the 2nd highest number in kingdom of the netherlands, after Amsterdam. The city is visited by tourists for shopping and recreation, and has a big international student population.
History [edit]
Toponymy [edit]
Maastricht is mentioned in ancient documents as [Advertising] Treiectinsem [urbem] ab. 575, Treiectensis in 634, Triecto, Triectu in 7th century, Triiect in 768–781, Traiecto in 945, Masetrieth in 1051.[13] [xiv]
The identify proper name Maastricht is an Old Dutch compound Masa- (> Maas "the Meuse river") + Sometime Dutch *treiekt, itself borrowed from Gallo-Romance *TRA(I)ECTU cf. its Walloon name li expedition, from Classical Latin trajectus ("ford, passage, place to cross a river") with the later addition of Maas "Meuse" to avoid the defoliation with the -trecht of Utrecht having exactly the same original course and etymology. The Latin name beginning appears in medieval documents and it is not known whether *Trajectu(s) was Maastricht's proper noun during Roman times. A resident of Maastricht is referred to as Maastrichtenaar whilst in the local dialect it is either Mestreechteneer or, colloquially, Sjeng (derived from the formerly popular French proper name Jean).
Early history [edit]
Roman sanctuary in the basement of Hotel Derlon
Neanderthal remains have been plant to the west of Maastricht (Belvédère excavations). Of a later on date are Palaeolithic remains, between eight,000 and 25,000 years old. Celts lived here effectually 500 BC, at a spot where the river Meuse was shallow and therefore easy to cross.
It is non known when the Romans arrived in Maastricht, or whether the settlement was founded by them. The Romans congenital a span across the Meuse in the 1st century AD, during the reign of Augustus Caesar. The bridge was an important link in the master road between Bavay and Cologne. Roman Maastricht was probably relatively small. Remains of the Roman road, the bridge, a religious shrine, a Roman bathroom, a granary, some houses and the 4th-century castrum walls and gates, take been excavated. Fragments of provincial Roman sculptures, likewise as coins, jewellery, drinking glass, pottery and other objects from Roman Maastricht are on display in the exhibition space of the metropolis's public library (Centre Céramique).
According to fable, the Armenian-born Saint Servatius, Bishop of Tongeren, died in Maastricht in 384 where he was interred along the Roman road, outside the castrum. According to Gregory of Tours bishop Monulph was to have congenital around 570 the first stone church on the grave of Servatius, the nowadays-mean solar day Basilica of Saint Servatius. The metropolis remained an early Christian diocese until it lost the distinction to nearby Liège in the eighth or 9th century.
Middle Ages [edit]
In the early Middle Ages Maastricht was function of the heartland of the Carolingian Empire along with Aachen and the area around Liège. The boondocks was an of import centre for trade and manufacturing. Merovingian coins minted in Maastricht have been institute in places throughout Europe. In 881 the town was plundered by the Vikings. In the 10th century it briefly became the capital of the duchy of Lower Lorraine.
During the twelfth century the town flourished culturally. The provosts of the church of Saint Servatius held of import positions in the Holy Roman Empire during this era. The two collegiate churches were largely rebuilt and redecorated. Maastricht Romanesque stone sculpture and silversmithing are regarded as highlights of Mosan art. Maastricht painters were praised by Wolfram von Eschenbach in his Parzival. Around the same time, the poet Henric van Veldeke wrote a legend of Saint Servatius, 1 of the earliest works in Dutch literature. The ii main churches caused a wealth of relics and the septennial Maastricht Pilgrimage became a major result.
Unlike virtually Dutch towns, Maastricht did not receive urban center rights at a certain date. These developed gradually during its long history. In 1204 the urban center's dual authority was formalised in a treaty, with the prince-bishops of Liège and the dukes of Brabant holding joint sovereignty over the urban center. Presently later on the commencement ring of medieval walls were built. In 1275, the quondam Roman span collapsed under the weight of a procession, killing 400 people. A replacement, funded past church indulgences, was congenital slightly to the north and survives until today, the Sint Servaasbrug.[fifteen]
Throughout the Middle Ages, the city remained a center for merchandise and manufacturing principally of wool and leather simply gradually economical turn down set in. After a cursory period of economic prosperity around 1500, the metropolis'south economy suffered during the wars of religion of the 16th and 17th centuries, and recovery did non happen until the industrial revolution in the early on 19th century.
16th to 18th centuries [edit]
The important strategic location of Maastricht resulted in the structure of an impressive array of fortifications around the metropolis during this period. The Spanish and Dutch garrisons became an of import factor in the city's economy. In 1579 the city was sacked past the Spanish army led by the Duke of Parma (Siege of Maastricht, 1579). For over 50 years the Spanish crown took over the role previously held by the dukes of Brabant in the joint sovereignty over Maastricht. In 1632 the metropolis was conquered past Prince Frederick Henry of Orange and the Dutch States Full general replaced the Castilian crown in the articulation government of Maastricht.
Some other Siege of Maastricht (1673) took identify during the Franco-Dutch War. In June 1673, Louis XIV laid siege to the metropolis because French supply lines were being threatened. During this siege, Vauban, the famous French military engineer, developed a new tactic in club to break down the strong fortifications surrounding Maastricht. His systematic arroyo remained the standard method of attacking fortresses until the 20th century. On 25 June 1673, while preparing to tempest the city, captain-lieutenant Charles de Batz de Castelmore, also known as the comte d'Artagnan, was killed past a musket shot exterior the Tongerse Poort. This event was embellished in Alexandre Dumas' novel The Vicomte de Bragelonne, part of the D'Artagnan Romances. French troops occupied Maastricht from 1673 to 1678.
In 1748 the French again conquered the city at what is known as the Second French Siege of Maastricht, during the State of war of Austrian Succession. The French took the city for the terminal time in 1794, when the condominium was dissolved and Maastricht was annexed to the Kickoff French Empire (1794–1814). For xx years Maastricht remained the upper-case letter of the French département of Meuse-Inférieure.
19th and early on 20th century [edit]
19th-century industry: Maastricht potteries in Boschstraat
After the Napoleonic era, Maastricht became part of the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland of the Netherlands in 1815. It was made the capital of the newly formed Province of Limburg (1815–1839). When the southern provinces of the newly formed kingdom seceded in 1830, the Dutch garrison in Maastricht remained loyal to the Dutch king, William I, fifty-fifty when most of the inhabitants of the boondocks and the surrounding surface area sided with the Belgian revolutionaries. In 1831, mediation past the Great Powers allocated the city to the Netherlands. Even so, neither the Dutch nor the Belgians agreed to this and the organisation was not implemented until the 1839 Treaty of London. During this period of isolation Maastricht adult into an early industrial town.
Plate commemorating the liberation, xiv September 1944
Because of its eccentric location in the southeastern Netherlands, and its geographical and cultural proximity to Belgium and Germany, integration of Maastricht and Limburg into kingdom of the netherlands did not come almost easily. Maastricht retained a distinctly non-Dutch advent during much of the 19th century and it was not until the Offset Globe War that the city was forced to look northwards.
Like the rest of the Netherlands, Maastricht remained neutral during Globe State of war I. However, existence wedged between Deutschland and Belgium, information technology received large numbers of refugees, putting a strain on the metropolis's resources. Early in World State of war Two, the urban center was taken by the Germans past surprise during the Battle of Maastricht of May 1940. On 13 and 14 September 1944 it was the beginning Dutch city to exist liberated by Allied forces of the Us Old Hickory Partitioning. The three Meuse bridges were destroyed or severely damaged during the state of war. Every bit elsewhere in the Netherlands, the majority of Maastricht Jews died in Nazi concentration camps.[xvi]
After World War Ii [edit]
During the latter half of the century, traditional industries (such as Maastricht's potteries) declined and the urban center's economy shifted to a service economic system. Maastricht University was founded in 1976. Several European institutions constitute their base in Maastricht. In 1981 and 1991 European Councils were held in Maastricht, the latter i resulting a twelvemonth later in the signing of the Maastricht Treaty, leading to the cosmos of the European Spousal relationship and the euro.[17] Since 1988, The European Fine Fine art Fair, regarded as the world's leading fine art fair, annually draws in some of the wealthiest fine art collectors.
In recent years, Maastricht launched several campaigns against drug-dealing in an effort to terminate foreign buyers taking advantage of the liberal Dutch legislation and causing trouble in the downtown area.[18]
Since the 1990s, large parts of the city have been refurbished, including the areas around the main railway station and the Maasboulevard promenade along the Meuse, the Entre Deux and Mosae Forum shopping centres, likewise as some of the principal shopping streets. A prestigious quarter designed past international architects and including the new Bonnefanten Museum, a public library, and a theatre was built on the grounds of the one-time Société Céramique factory nigh the town centre. Further big-scale projects, such every bit the redevelopment of the area effectually the A2 thruway, the Sphinx Quarter and the Belvédère surface area are under structure.
Geography [edit]
Neighbourhoods [edit]
Dutch topographic map of Maastricht, March 2014
Maastricht consists of five districts (stadsdelen) and 44 neighbourhoods (wijken). Each neighbourhood has a number which corresponds to its postal lawmaking.
- Maastricht Centrum (Binnenstad, Jekerkwartier, Kommelkwartier, Statenkwartier, Boschstraatkwartier, Sint Maartenspoort, Wyck-Céramique)
- South-West (Villapark, Jekerdal, Biesland, Campagne, Wolder, Sint Pieter)
- North-W (Brusselsepoort, Mariaberg, Belfort, Pottenberg, Malpertuis, Caberg, Malberg, Dousberg-Hazendans, Daalhof, Boschpoort, Bosscherveld, Frontenkwartier, Belvédère, Lanakerveld)
- North-East (Beatrixhaven, Borgharen, Itteren, Meerssenhoven, Wyckerpoort, Wittevrouwenveld, Nazareth, Limmel, Amby)
- S-East (Randwyck, Heugem, Heugemerveld, Scharn, Heer, De Heeg, Vroendaal)
The neighbourhoods of Itteren, Borgharen, Limmel, Amby, Heer, Heugem, Scharn, Oud-Caberg, Sint Pieter and Wolder all used to be divide municipalities or villages until they were annexed by the city of Maastricht in the course of the 20th century.
Neighbouring municipalities [edit]
The outlying areas of the following municipalities are adjoining the municipality of Maastricht straight.
Clockwise from north-due east to n-due west:
- Bunde,
- Meerssen,
- Berg en Terblijt,
- Bemelen,
- Cadier en Keer,
- Gronsveld,
- Oost,
- Lanaye (B),
- Petit-Lanaye (B),
- Kanne (B),
- Vroenhoven (B),
- Kesselt (B),
- Veldwezelt (B),
- Lanaken (B),
- Neerharen (B).
(B = Situated in Belgium)
Border [edit]
Maastricht's metropolis limits has an international border with Belgium. Well-nigh of it borders Belgium's Flemish region, just a small part to the s too has a border with Wallonia. Both countries are part of Europe's Schengen Area thus are open without border controls.
Climate [edit]
Maastricht features the aforementioned climate as most of kingdom of the netherlands (Cfb, Oceanic climate), however, due to its more inland location in between hills, summers tend to be warmer (especially in the Meuse valley, which lies 70 metres lower than the meteorological station) and winters a chip colder, although the deviation is only noticeable on just a few days a yr. The highest temperature recorded was on 25 July 2019 at 39.half dozen °C (103.three °F).[19]
| Climate data for Maastricht | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | November | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.1 (62.8) | 19.three (66.7) | 23.four (74.1) | 29.7 (85.5) | 33.1 (91.6) | 37.ii (99.0) | 39.half dozen (103.three) | 36.8 (98.2) | 34.2 (93.6) | 28.7 (83.vii) | 21.4 (70.5) | sixteen.seven (62.1) | 39.half dozen (103.three) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) | six.1 (43.0) | 10.1 (fifty.2) | fourteen.0 (57.2) | 18.3 (64.9) | 20.9 (69.6) | 23.three (73.9) | 23.0 (73.4) | 19.1 (66.4) | 14.seven (58.v) | nine.2 (48.6) | 5.8 (42.4) | 14.1 (57.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | two.seven (36.ix) | 3.1 (37.6) | 6.3 (43.3) | 9.3 (48.7) | 13.5 (56.3) | xvi.2 (61.2) | 18.4 (65.ane) | eighteen.0 (64.4) | 14.7 (58.5) | 10.ix (51.6) | 6.4 (43.5) | 3.5 (38.3) | ten.2 (50.4) |
| Boilerplate depression °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) | 0.0 (32.0) | 2.half-dozen (36.vii) | 4.7 (40.v) | 8.v (47.3) | 11.three (52.three) | 13.five (56.3) | xiii.2 (55.8) | 10.five (50.nine) | vii.2 (45.0) | 3.5 (38.three) | 0.9 (33.six) | 6.three (43.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −19.iii (−2.7) | −21.iv (−half dozen.5) | −12.9 (8.8) | −5.six (21.9) | −1.6 (29.one) | 0.7 (33.3) | 4.3 (39.seven) | 4.nine (40.eight) | −0.9 (30.4) | −vi.v (twenty.three) | −12.0 (10.4) | −xviii.3 (−0.nine) | −21.iv (−6.v) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 65.3 (2.57) | 57.four (two.26) | 61.8 (2.43) | 45.one (1.78) | 65.ix (ii.59) | seventy.5 (ii.78) | 69.half-dozen (2.74) | 72.3 (2.85) | 61.half dozen (2.43) | 67.2 (ii.65) | 65.iii (ii.57) | 70.8 (ii.79) | 772.7 (xxx.42) |
| Boilerplate precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 12 | 10 | 12 | 9 | 10 | ten | ten | 10 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 126 |
| Boilerplate snowy days | 7 | seven | 5 | ii | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | six | 31 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 87 | 84 | 80 | 74 | 73 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 82 | 85 | 89 | 89 | 81 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 59.9 | 79.3 | 119.three | 164.0 | 194.nine | 188.nine | 202.8 | 187.3 | 140.0 | 113.half dozen | 65.ix | 44.ix | i,560.eight |
| Source 1: Purple Netherlands Meteorological Plant (1981–2010 normals, snowy days normals for 1971–2000)[20] | |||||||||||||
| Source ii: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (1971–2000 extremes)[21] | |||||||||||||
Demographics [edit]
Historical population [edit]
| Twelvemonth | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1400 | 7,000 | — |
| 1500 | 10,000 | +0.36% |
| 1560 | 13,500 | +0.50% |
| 1600 | 12,600 | −0.17% |
| 1650 | 18,000 | +0.72% |
| 1740 | 12,500 | −0.40% |
| 1796 | 17,963 | +0.65% |
| 1818 | twenty,000 | +0.49% |
| 1970 | 93,927 | +1.02% |
| 1980 | 109,285 | +one.53% |
| 1990 | 117,008 | +0.69% |
| 2000 | 122,070 | +0.42% |
| 2010 | 118,533 | −0.29% |
| Source: Lourens & Lucassen 1997, pp. 32–33 (1400-1795) Statistics Netherlands (1970-2010) | ||
Inhabitants by nationality [edit]
| Maastricht residents by nationality - Top 10 (1 Jan 2014)[22] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nationality | 2021 | 2014 | 2010 | 2000 |
 Netherlands | 100,297 | 107,418 | 109,722 | 116,171 |
 Germany | 3,908 | three,869 | one,956 | 783 |
 Belgium | 1,475 | 1,055 | 946 | 909 |
 U.k. | 842 | 815 | 386 | 280 |
 Italy | 1 572 | 653 | 387 | 280 |
 Usa | 665 | 623 | 277 | 162 |
 China | 739 | 595 | 248 | 87 |
 Spain | 913 | 431 | 232 | 241 |
 Turkey | 436 | 404 | 368 | 404 |
 France | 686 | 351 | 214 | 120 |
Inhabitants by land of birth [edit]
| Maastricht residents by land of nascence - Superlative x (1 January 2013)[23] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State of birth | 2020 | 2013 | 2010 | 2000 |
| Netherlands | 93,162 | 100,269 | 102,433 | 109,632 |
| Deutschland | iii,949 | 4,100 | 2,467 | 1,444 |
| Belgium | 2,355 | 1,920 | 1,839 | 1,900 |
 Indonesia | 1,020 | ane,199 | one,267 | 1,556 |
| Turkey | 973 | 919 | 836 | 784 |
 Morocco | 829 | 838 | 867 | 859 |
 Poland | 563 | 437 | 316 | 152 |
| United States | one,380 | 753 | 383 | 217 |
| United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland | 926 | 677 | 404 | 310 |
| Communist china (excl. Hong Kong and Macau) | 1,019 | 651 | 373 | 215 |
Languages [edit]
Maastricht is a city of linguistic diversity, partly as a result of its location at the crossroads of multiple language areas and its international student population.
- Dutch is the national language and the linguistic communication of elementary and secondary education (excluding international institutions) too as administration. Dutch in Maastricht is ofttimes spoken with a distinctive Limburgish accent, which should non be dislocated with the Limburgish linguistic communication.
- Limburgian (or Limburgian) is the overlapping term of the tonal dialects spoken in the Dutch and the Belgian provinces of Limburg. The Maastrichtian dialect (Mestreechs) is but one of many variants of Limburgish. It is characterised by stretched vowels and some French influence on its vocabulary. In recent years the Maastricht dialect has been in decline (encounter dialect levelling) and a linguistic communication switch to Standard Dutch has been noted.[24]
- French used to be the language of education in Maastricht. In the 18th century the language occupied a powerful position as the judicial and cultural language, and it was used throughout the following century by the upper classes.[25] Between 1851 and 1892 a Francophone newspaper (Le Courrier de la Meuse) was published in Maastricht. The language is often role of secondary school curricula. Many proper names and some street names are French and the language has left many traces in the local dialect.
- German, similar French, is frequently office of secondary schoolhouse curricula. Due to Maastricht's geographic proximity to Germany and the great number of German students in the city, German is widely spoken.
- English has go an important language in pedagogy. At Maastricht University and Hogeschool Zuyd it is the language of didactics for many courses. Many foreign students and expatriates use English language as a lingua franca. English is as well a mandatory subject in Dutch unproblematic and secondary schools.
Religion [edit]
In 2010–2014, 69.8% of the population of Maastricht regarded themselves as religious. 60.4% of the total population stated an affiliation with the Roman Catholic Church. 13.9% attended a religious anniversary at least once a calendar month.[26]
Religions in Maastricht (2013)[27]
Other Christian denominations (two.2%)
Economy [edit]
Function park Randwyck-Noord
Private companies based in Maastricht [edit]
- Sappi – S African Pulp and Paper Industry
- Purple Mosa – ceramic tiles
- O-I Manufacturing;– previously Kristalunie Maastricht; glass
- BASF – previously Ten Horn; pigments
- Mondi – packaging
- Rubber Resources/Elgi Rubber – previously Vredestein; safe recycling
- Radium Foams – Talalay products
- Hewlett-Packard – previously Indigo, manufacturer of electronic data systems
- Vodafone – mobile phone company
- Q-Park – international operator of parking garages
- DHL – international express mail services
- Teleperformance – contact center services
- Mercedes-Benz – customer contact centre for Europe
- VGZ – health insurance, customer contact centre
- Pie Medical Imaging – cardiovascular quantitative analysis software
- Esaote (erstwhile Pie Medical Equipment) – manufacturer of medical and veterinary diagnostic equipment
- BioPartner Centre Maastricht – life sciences spin-off companies
Public institutions [edit]
Provincial Authorities Buildings
European Institute of Public Assistants
Since the 1980s, a number of European and international institutions have fabricated Maastricht their base. They provide an increasing number of employment opportunities for expats living in the Maastricht area.
- Assistants of the Dutch province of Limburg
- Meuse-Rhine Euroregion
- Limburg Development Company LIOF
- RHCL and SHCL – archives of the province of Limburg
- Eurocontrol – The European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation
- European Journalism Centre
- European Institute of Public Assistants (EIPA)
- European Centre for Evolution Policy Management (ECDPM)
- European heart for work and order (ECWS)
- Maastricht Centre for Transatlantic Studies (MCTS)
- Expert Middle for Sustainable Business and Evolution Cooperation (ECSAD)
- Council of European Municipalities and Regions (REGR)
- European Centre for Digital Communication (EC/DC)
- UNU-MERIT
- Maastricht Research School of Economic science of Engineering science and Organization (METEOR)
- Research Institute for Noesis Systems (RIKS)
- Cicero Foundation (CF)
Culture and tourism [edit]
Medieval metropolis wall (Onze-Lieve-Vrouwewal)
View of Our Lady's from the church building belfry of Saint John'south
13th-century Dominican church converted into a bookstore
TEFAF, Maastricht's prestigious fine art fair
Giants' Parade, 2019: Gigantius of Maastricht
Sights of Maastricht [edit]
Maastricht is known in the netherlands and beyond for its lively squares, narrow streets, and historic buildings. The city has ane,677 national heritage buildings (rijksmonumenten), more than any Dutch city exterior Amsterdam. In improver to that there are 3,500 locally listed buildings (gemeentelijke monumenten). The entire city middle is a conservation area (beschermd stadsgezicht) and largely traffic-free. The tourist information part (VVV) is located in the basement of Dinghuis, a belatedly-medieval courthouse overlooking Grote Staat. Maastricht's main sights include:
- Meuse (Dutch: Maas) river, with several parks and promenades along the river, and some interesting bridges:
- Sint Servaasbrug, partly from the 13th century; the oldest bridge in the netherlands;
- Hoge Brug ("High Bridge"), a modern pedestrian bridge designed past René Greisch.
- City fortifications, including:
- Remnants of the beginning and second medieval urban center wall and several towers (13th and 14th centuries);
- Helpoort ("Hell'southward Gate"), an imposing gate with two towers, built around 1230, the oldest city gate in kingdom of the netherlands;
- Wycker Waterpoort, a medieval gate in Wyck, used for accessing the city from the Meuse, demolished in the 19th century only rebuilt shortly afterwards;
- Hoge Fronten (or: Linie van Du Moulin), remnants of 17th- and 18th-century fortifications, including a number of well-preserved bastions, couvrefaces, lunettes and dry moats;
- Fort Sint-Pieter, an early 18th-century fortress on the flanks of Mountain Saint Peter, offering guided tours and panoramic views of the city; and Fort Willem I, an early 19th-century fortress on the Caberg height;
- Casemates, an hugger-mugger network of tunnels, congenital as sheltered emplacements for guns and cannons. These connected tunnels built of brick and limestone run for around fourteen kilometres underneath the city's fortifications. Guided tours are bachelor.
- Binnenstad: inner-city pedestrianized commune with pop shopping streets Grote and Kleine Staat, high-cease shopping streets Stokstraat and Maastrichter Smedenstraat, and two indoor shopping centres. Several main sights in Maastricht as well as a big number of cafés, pubs and restaurants are centred around the 3 main squares in Binnenstad:
- Vrijthof, the largest and possibly best-known square in Maastricht, with many well-known pubs and restaurants (including two - one former - gentlemen's clubs). Other sights include:
- Basilica of Saint Servatius, a predominantly Romanesque church with an imposing westwork and important twelfth and 13th-century sculptures; well-nigh notably the westwork interior figurative capitals, the westwork reredo, and the sculpted South Portal. The tomb of Saint Servatius in the crypt is a favoured place of pilgrimage. The church has an important church building treasury;
- Sint-Janskerk, a Gothic church dedicated to Saint John the Baptist, the metropolis'due south primary Protestant church building since 1632, side by side to the Basilica of Saint Servatius, with a distinctive limestone tower painted scarlet;
- Spaans Gouvernement ("Spanish Government Building"), a 16th-century former canon's house, afterwards used equally a residence for the Brabant and Habsburg rulers, now housing the Fotomuseum aan het Vrijthof;
- Hoofdwacht, an 18th-century armed forces guard business firm, built in the style of the Dutch Bizarre, used for exhibitions;
- Generaalshuis ("General's House"), a Neoclassical mansion, at present the city's master theater (Theater aan het Vrijthof).
- Onze Lieve Vrouweplein, a tree-lined square with a number of pavement cafes. Main sights:
- Basilica of Our Lady, a partly 11th-century church, ane of the Netherlands' most significant Romanesque buildings with an imposing Mosan westwork and an important church building treasury. Perhaps best known for the shrine of Our Lady, Star of the Sea in an adjacent Gothic chapel;
- Derlon Museumkelder, a permanent exhibition of ancient Roman remains in the basement of Hotel Derlon.
- Markt, the boondocks'south historic market place square. Sights include:
- The Town Hall, congenital in the 17th century by Pieter Mail and considered one of the highlights of Dutch Bizarre architecture. Nearby is Dinghuis, the late medieval town hall and courthouse with an early Renaissance façade;
- Mosae Forum, a shopping heart and civic edifice designed by Jo Coenen and Bruno Albert in the early on 2000s. Inside the Mosae Forum parking garage is a small exhibition of Citroën miniature cars;
- Entre Deux, a rebuilt shopping eye in Postmodern style, which has won several international awards.[28] Information technology includes a bookstore located inside a former 13th-century Dominican church. In 2008, British newspaper The Guardian proclaimed this the world's most beautiful bookshop.[29]
- Vrijthof, the largest and possibly best-known square in Maastricht, with many well-known pubs and restaurants (including two - one former - gentlemen's clubs). Other sights include:
- Jekerkwartier, a neighbourhood named afterwards the small-scale river Jeker, which pops up betwixt one-time houses and remnants of city walls. The western part of the neighbourhood (named the Maastricht Latin Quarter) is dominated by university buildings and (performing) arts schools. Sights include:
- several churches and monasteries: the 13th-century First Franciscan Monastery, the 17th-century "Veiled Sisters" and Bonnefanten monasteries, and the 18th-century 2nd Franciscan Monastery and Walloon and Lutheran churches;
- Maastricht Natural History Museum, a small museum of natural history in a old monastery;
- Grote Looiersstraat ("Great Tanners' Street"), a former canal that was filled in during the 19th century, lined with elegant houses, the city's poorhouse (at present part of the academy library) and Sint-Maartenshofje, a typically Dutch hofje.
- Kommelkwartier, Statenkwartier and Boschstraatkwartier, three relatively tranquility inner city neighbourhoods with several monasteries, university buildings and industrial heritage building:
- Crosier Monastery in Kommelkwartier, a well-preserved Gothic monastery, now a five-star hotel;
- Sint-Matthiaskerk, a 14th-century parish church defended to Saint Matthew;
- Sphinx Quarter, an upcoming neighbourhood and cultural hotspot in the n of the city center. Several of the industrial buildings of the one-time Sphinx glass, crystal and ceramics factories have been transformed for new uses;
- Bassin, a restored early on 19th-century inner harbor surrounded by industrial heritage buildings, re-used equally cultural venues, bars and restaurants.
- Wyck, the erstwhile quarter on the correct bank of the river Meuse.
- Saint Martin's Church, a Gothic Revival church designed by Pierre Cuypers in 1856;
- Rechtstraat and Hoogbrugstraat are the oldest streets in Wyck with many celebrated buildings and a mix of specialty shops, fine art galleries and restaurants;
- Stationsstraat and Wycker Brugstraat are elegant streets with the majority of the buildings dating from the late 19th century. At the east finish of Stationsstraat stands the Maastricht railway station from 1913.
- Céramique, a mod neighbourhood on the site of the former Société Céramique potteries, including a park along the river Meuse (Charles Eyckpark) and a showcase of architectural highlights:
- Wiebengahal, i of the few remaining industrial buildings in the neighbourhood and an early instance of modernist compages in kingdom of the netherlands, dating from 1912;
- Bonnefanten Museum by Aldo Rossi, featuring a landmark rocket-shaped tower;
- Eye Céramique, a public library and exhibition space by Jo Coenen;
- La Fortezza, a red brick function and apartment building by Mario Botta;
- Siza Tower, a residential tower clad with zinc and white marble, by Álvaro Siza Vieira;
- Other buildings in Céramique by MBM, Cruz y Ortiz, Luigi Snozzi, Aurelio Galfetti, Herman Hertzberger, Wiel Arets, Hubert-Jan Henket, Charles Vandenhove and Bob Van Reeth.
- Sint-Pietersberg ("Mount Saint Peter"): modest hill and nature reserve south of the city, peaking at 171 metres (561 ft) above ocean level. It serves equally Maastricht's main recreation area and a viewing point. The main sights include:
- Fort Sint-Pieter, an early 18th-century military fortress fully restored in recent years;
- Caves of Maastricht aka Grotten Sint-Pietersberg, an underground network of man-made tunnels ("caves") in limestone quarries. Guided tours are available;
- ENCI Quarry: a quondam quarry and nature reserve with several lakes, accessible via a spectacular staircase with viewing platforms;
- Slavante, a 19th-century former gentlemen'due south lodge on the site of a Franciscan monastery (of which parts are still standing), now a popular hang-out, offering panoramic views over the Meuse valley;
- Lichtenberg, a ruined medieval castle keep and an adjacent 18th-century farmstead;
- D'n Observant ("The Observer"), an artificial hilltop, made with the spoils of a nearby quarry, now a nature reserve.
Museums in Maastricht [edit]
- Bonnefanten Museum is the foremost museum for sometime masters and contemporary fine art in the province of Limburg. The collection features medieval sculpture (The Virgin and Child with St. Anne), early Italian painting (Giovanni del Biondo, Domenico di Michelino, Jacopo del Casentino, Sano di Pietro, Pietro Nelli), Southern Netherlandish and German Renaissance painting (Colijn de Coter, Roelandt Savery, Pieter Coecke van Aelst, Pieter Brueghel the Younger, Lucas Cranach the Elder), and contemporary art (Sol LeWitt, Robert Mangold, Richard Serra, Luciano Fabro, Marcel Broodthaers, Joseph Beuys, Neo Rauch, Gilbert and George, Peter Doig, Gary Hume, Grayson Perry, Luc Tuymans, Ai Weiwei).
- The Treasury of the Basilica of Saint Servatius includes religious artifacts from the 4th to 20th centuries, notably those related to Saint Servatius. Highlights include the shrine, the cardinal and the crosier of Saint Servatius, and the reliquary bust donated by Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma.
- The Treasury of the Basilica of Our Lady contains religious fine art, textiles, reliquaries, liturgical vessels and other artifacts from the Middle Ages and later periods.
- Derlon Museumkelder is a preserved archeological site in the basement of a hotel with Roman and pre-Roman remains.
- The Maastricht Natural History Museum exhibits collections relating to the geology, paleontology and flora and creature of Limburg. Highlights in the drove are several fragment of skeletons of Mosasaurs found in a quarry in Mountain Saint Peter.
- Fotomuseum aan het Vrijthof is a local museum of photography housed in the 16th-century Castilian Government edifice, featuring some period rooms and temporary exhibitions of photographers.
Events and festivals [edit]
- Dies natalis, birthday of the University of Maastricht, with procession of university faculty to St. John'due south Church where honorary degrees are awarded.
- Carnival (Maastrichtian: Vastelaovend) - a traditional three-day festival in the southern part of the Netherlands; in Maastricht mainly outdoors with typical Zaate Herremeniekes (February/March).
- The European Fine Art Fair (TEFAF), the globe'due south leading art and antiques off-white (March).
- Amstel Gilded Race, an international cycling race which starts in Maastricht (usually April).
- KunstTour, an annual art festival (May).
- European Model United Nations (EuroMUN), an annual international conference in May.
- Stadsprocessie, religious procession with reliquaries of local saints (first Sunday after 13 May).
- Pilgrimage of the Relics (Dutch: Heiligdomsvaart), pilgrimage with relics brandish and processions dating from the Centre Ages (May/June; once in 7 years; next: 2025).
- Giants' Parade (Dutch: Reuzenstoet), parade of processional giants, mainly from Kingdom of belgium and French republic (June; in one case in five years; next: 2024).
- Maastrichts Mooiste, an almanac running and walking result (June).
- Fashionclash, international fashion event throughout the metropolis (June).
- Vrijthof concerts by André Rieu and the Johann Strauss Orchestra (July/August).
- Preuvenemint, a large culinary upshot held on the Vrijthof square (Baronial).
- Inkom, the traditional opening of the academic year and introduction for new students of Maastricht Academy (Baronial).
- Musica Sacra, a festival of religious (classical) music (September).
- Nederlandse Dansdagen (Netherlands Trip the light fantastic Days), a modern dance festival (October).
- Jazz Maastricht, a jazz festival formerly known as Jeker Jazz (fall).
- 11de van de 11de (the 11th of the 11th), the official offset of the carnival season (11 November).
- Jumping Indoor Maastricht, an international concours hippique (showjumping) (November).
- Magic Maastricht (Magisch Maastricht), a winter-themed carnival and Christmas marketplace held on Vrijthof square and other locations throughout the city (Dec/January).
Furthermore, the Maastricht Exposition and Congress Heart (MECC) hosts many events throughout the yr.
Nature [edit]
A pond in Stadspark, Maastricht's main park
Relaxing in Charles Eyckpark
Jeker valley with vineyards
Parks [edit]
There are several metropolis parks and recreational areas in Maastricht:[xxx]
- Stadspark, the main public park in Maastricht, partly 19th-century, with remnants of the medieval city walls, a co-operative of the Jeker river, a mini-zoo and several public sculptures (e.g. the statue of d'Artagnan in Aldenhofpark, a 20th-century extension of Stadspark). Other extensions of the park are called Kempland, Henri Hermanspark, Monseigneur Nolenspark and Waldeckpark. From 2014 onwards, the grounds of the former Tapijn war machine billet will be gradually added to the park;
- Jekerpark, a new park along the river Jeker, separated from Stadspark by a busy road;
- Frontenpark, a new park west of the city centre, incorporating parts of the fortifications of Maastricht from the 17th to 19th centuries;
- Charles Eykpark, a mod park between the public library and Bonnefanten Museum on the e banking concern of the Meuse river, designed in the late 1990s by Swedish landscape architect Gunnar Martinsson.
- Griendpark, a modern park on the due east bank of the river with an inline-skating and skateboarding course.
- Geusseltpark in eastern Maastricht and J.J. van de Vennepark in western Maastricht, both with elaborate sports facilities.
Natural areas [edit]
- The Meuse river and its green banks in outlying areas. In the northern areas around Itteren and Borgharen 'new nature' is being created in combination with river protection measures and gravel mining.[31]
- Pietersplas, an artificial lake between Maastricht and Gronsveld that was the result of gravel pits on the banks of the Meuse river. There is a beach on the northern gradient of the lake and a marina near Castle Hoogenweerth. The eastern riverbed between Pietersplas and the provincial regime building is a nature reserve (Kleine Weerd).
- The Jeker Valley, along the river Jeker, starts near the city centre in Stadspark and leads via Jekerpark to an surface area with green meadows, fertile fields, some vineyards on the slopes of Cannerberg, several water mills and Château Neercanne, and continues farther south into Belgium.
- The green flanks of Mount Saint Peter, including many footpaths.[32]
- Dousberg and Zouwdal, a modest loma and valley surrounded by urban evolution on the western border of the metropolis, partly in Belgium. A big function of the hill is now in use as an international golf course (Golfclub Maastricht).[33]
- Landgoederenzone, an extended area in the northeast of Maastricht (partly in Meerssen) consisting of around xv country estates, such as Severen, Geusselt, Bethlehem, Mariënwaard, Kruisdonk, Vaeshartelt, Meerssenhoven, Borgharen and Hartelstein. Some of the castles, villas and stately homes are surrounded past industrial areas or quarries.
- Bike paths through agricultural areas in several outlying quarters (similar "Biesland" and "Wolder").
Sports [edit]
- In football, Maastricht is represented past MVV Maastricht (Dutch: Maatschappelijke Voetbal Vereniging Maastricht), who (as of the 2016–2017 flavor) play in the Dutch first division of the national competition (which is the second league after the Eredivisie league). MVV's home is the Geusselt stadium near the A2 highway.
- Maastricht is also dwelling to the Maastricht Wildcats, an American Football League team and member of the AFBN (American Football Bond Nederland).
- Since 1998, Maastricht has been the traditional starting place of the annual Amstel Gilded Race, the only Dutch cycling classic. For several years the race also finished in Maastricht, but since 2002 the finale has been in the municipality of Valkenburg. Tom Dumoulin was born in Maastricht.
- Since 2000, Maastricht has been the first metropolis in the netherlands with a Lacrosse team. The Student Sport Association "Maaslax" is closely linked to Maastricht University and a member of the NLB (Nederlandse Lacrosse Bond).
Politics [edit]
City council [edit]
| Parties | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Senioren Partij Maastricht (SPM) | 3 | 5 | half-dozen |
| CDA | 7 (6) | 7 | 5 |
| PvdA | 13 | seven | 5 |
| D66 | 2 | 4 | 5 |
| SP | 3 | two | 5 |
| GroenLinks | v | 4 | four |
| VVD | 4 (three) | 4 | 3 |
| TON / Partij Veilig Maastricht (PVM) | - | 2 | iii |
| Stadsbelangen Mestreech (SBM) | ii | 2 | one |
| Liberale Partij Maastricht (LPM) | (one) | one | 1 |
| Christelijke Volkspartij (Maastricht) (CVP) | (1) | 1 | 1 |
| Full | 39 | 39 | 39 |
The municipal government of Maastricht consists of a city council, a mayor and a number of aldermen. The city council, a 39-member legislative torso direct elected for 4 years, appoints the aldermen on the basis of a coalition agreement between two or more parties after each election. The 2006 municipal elections in the Netherlands were, every bit often, dominated by national politics and led to a shift from correct to left throughout the state. In Maastricht, the traditional broad governing coalition of Christian Democrats (CDA), Labour (PvdA), Greens (GreenLeft) and Liberals (VVD) was replaced by a centre-left coalition of Labour, Christian Democrats and Greens. Two Labour aldermen were appointed, along with ane Christian Democrat and ane Greenish alderman. Due to internal disagreements, one of the VVD council members left the party in 2005 and formed a new liberal group in 2006 (Liberalen Maastricht). The other opposition parties in the current city council are the Socialist Party (SP), the Democrats (D66) and ii local parties (Stadsbelangen Mestreech (SBM) and the Seniorenpartij).
Aldermen and mayors [edit]
The aldermen and the mayor make up the executive branch of the municipal government. Subsequently the previous mayor, Gerd Leers (CDA), decided to pace downwards in Jan 2010 following the 'Bulgarian Villa' affair, an affair concerning a vacation villa project in Byala, Bulgaria, in which the mayor was declared to take been involved in shady deals to raise the value of villas he had ownership of. Up until one July 2015 the mayor of Maastricht was Onno Hoes, a Liberal (VVD), the only male person mayor in the land, who officially was married to a male person. In 2013 Hoes was the subject of some political commotion, after facts had been disclosed about intimate affairs with several other male persons. The affair had no consequences for his political career.[34] Because of a new affair in 2014 Hoes somewhen stepped down.[35]
Since i July 2015 the current mayor of Maastricht has been Annemarie Penn-te Strake.[36] Penn is independent and serves no political party, although her husband is a former[37] chairman of the Maastricht Seniorenpartij.[38] She has served for the Dutch judicial system for many years in many unlike positions. During her tenure as mayor she nevertheless serves as chaser general.[39]
Cannabis [edit]
One controversial issue which has dominated Maastricht politics for many years and which has likewise affected national and international politics, is the city's approach to soft drugs. Under the pragmatic Dutch soft drug policy, a policy of non-enforcement, individuals may buy and utilise cannabis from 'coffeeshops' (cannabis bars) nether certain conditions. Maastricht, like many other edge towns, has seen a growing influx of 'drug tourists', mainly young people from Belgium, France and Germany, who provide a large amount of acquirement for the coffeeshops (around 13) in the city centre. The urban center authorities, most notably ex-mayor Leers, have been actively promoting drug policy reform in social club to deal with its negative side furnishings.
One of the proposals, known equally the 'Java Corner Programme', proposed by then-mayor Leers and supported unanimously by the city quango in 2008, was to relocate the coffeeshops from the city heart to the outskirts of the boondocks (in some cases near the national Dutch-Belgian border).[40] The purpose of this plan was to reduce the impact of drug tourism on the city eye, such as parking bug and the illegal sale of hard drugs in the vicinity of the coffeeshops, and to monitor the auction and apply of cannabis more than closely in areas away from the crowded metropolis center. The Coffee Corner Plan, however, has met with trigger-happy opposition from neighbouring municipalities (some in Kingdom of belgium) and from members of the Dutch and Belgian parliament. The programme has been the subject area of various legal challenges and has not been carried out upwards to this appointment (2014).
On 16 December 2010, the Court of Justice of the European Union upheld a local Maastricht ban on the sale of cannabis to foreign tourists, restricting archway to coffeeshops to residents of Maastricht.[41] The ban did not touch scientific or medical usage. In 2011, the Dutch government introduced a similar national system, the wietpas ("cannabis laissez passer"), restricting access to Dutch coffeeshops to residents of holland. After protests from local mayors about the difficulty of implementing the issuing of wietpasses, Dutch parliament in 2012 agreed to replace the pass by whatsoever proof of residency.[42] The new system has led to a slight reduction in drug tourism to cannabis shops in Maastricht merely at the aforementioned time to an increase of drug dealing on the street.
Transport [edit]
By car [edit]
Maastricht is served past the A2 and A79 motorways. The urban center tin can be reached from Brussels and Cologne in approximately 1 hour and from Amsterdam in near 2 and a half hours.
The A2 motorway runs through Maastricht in a double-decked tunnel. Earlier 2016, the A2 state highway ran through the urban center; heavily congested, it acquired air pollution in the urban expanse. Construction of a two-level tunnel designed to solve these problems started in 2011 and was opened (in stages) by December 2016.[43]
In spite of several large clandestine motorcar parks, parking in the city centre forms a major problem during weekends and bank holidays because of the big numbers of visitors. Parking fees are deliberately high to encourage visitors to utilise public transport or park and ride facilities away from the heart.
By train [edit]
Maastricht is served by 3 rail operators, all of which phone call at the chief Maastricht railway station near the centre and two of which call at the smaller Maastricht Randwyck, near the business organization and university district. Only Arriva also calls at Maastricht Noord, which opened in 2013. Intercity trains northwards to Amsterdam, Eindhoven, Den Bosch and Utrecht are operated past Dutch Railways. The National Railway Visitor of Kingdom of belgium runs south to Liège in Belgium. The line to Heerlen, Valkenburg and Kerkrade is operated by Arriva. The former railway to Aachen was closed down in the 1980s. A small section of the old westbound railway to Hasselt (Belgium) was restored in recent years and will be used every bit a modern tramline, scheduled to open in 2023.[44]
By tram [edit]
The Dutch and Flemish governments reached an agreement in 2014 to build a new tram route, the Hasselt – Maastricht tramway, as part of the larger Spartacus scheme. It was scheduled to take three years, from 2015 to 2018, and to cost €283 million. Even so, the planning process has been heavily delayed, and equally of 2018, construction has not yet started. The tram is at present scheduled to be operating in 2024.[45] When completed, the tram volition carry passengers from the city heart of Maastricht to the metropolis centre of Hasselt in thirty minutes. It will be operated by the Flemish transport company De Lijn, with 2 scheduled stops in Maastricht and another ten in Flemish region.[46]
By omnibus [edit]
Regular bus lines connect the city centre, outer areas, business districts and railway stations. The regional Arriva double-decker network extends to most parts of South Limburg and Aachen (Germany). Regional buses past De Lijn connect Maastricht with Hasselt, Tongeren and Maasmechelen, and one jitney connects Maastricht with Liège, operated by TEC. Various bus companies such equally Flixbus and Eurolines provide intercity bus services from Maastricht to many European destinations.
By air [edit]
Maastricht is served past the nearby Maastricht Aachen Drome (IATA: MST, ICAO: EHBK), in nearby Beek, and it is informally referred to by that proper noun. The airport is located nearly 10 kilometres (6 miles) north of the city centre. The airport is served by Corendon Dutch Airlines and Ryanair which operate scheduled flights to destinations effectually the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands, North-Africa and also London Stansted Airport from March 2022. There are also charter flights to Lourdes which are operated by Enter Air.
By boat [edit]
Maastricht has a river port (Beatrixhaven) and is connected past h2o with Belgium and the rest of the Netherlands through the river Meuse, the Juliana Canal, the Albert Culvert and the Zuid-Willemsvaart. Although at that place are no regular boat connections to other cities, various organized gunkhole trips for tourists connect Maastricht with Kingdom of belgium cities such as Liège.
Distances to other cities [edit]
These distances are as the crow flies then do not represent actual overland distances.
Didactics [edit]
Students at work at UM Law School
Secondary education [edit]
- Bernard Lievegoedschool (Anthroposophical education)
- Bonnefantencollege
- Porta Mosana College
- Sint-Maartenscollege
- United World College Maastricht
Tertiary education [edit]
- Maastricht University (Dutch: Universiteit Maastricht or UM) including:
- University College Maastricht
- Maastricht Schoolhouse of Management
- Teikyo University (Maastricht campus closed in 2007)
- Zuyd Academy of Applied Sciences (Dutch: Hogeschool Zuyd, also has departments in Sittard and Heerlen) including:
- University for Dramatic Arts Maastricht (Dutch: Toneelacademie Maastricht)
- School of Fine Arts Maastricht (Dutch: Academie Beeldende Kunsten Maastricht)
- Maastricht Academy of Music (Dutch: Conservatorium Maastricht)
- University of architecture
- Teachers training college
- Faculty of International Business and Communication
- Maastricht Hotel Direction School
Other [edit]
- Jan Van Eyck Academie - mail-academic fine art institute
- Berlitz Language School Maastricht
- Talenacademie Nederland
International relations [edit]
Twin towns [edit]
Maastricht is twinned with:
Notable people [edit]
Born in Maastricht [edit]
- Jean-Eugène-Charles Alberti (1777 – later on 1843) – painter
- Henri Arends (1921–1993) – conductor
- Doris Baaten (built-in 1956) – voice actress
- Mieke de Boer (born 1980) – female person darts player
- Alphons Boosten (1893–1951) – architect
- Theo Bovens (born 1959) – politician
- Joseph Bruyère (born 1948) – Belgian cyclist
- Jean-Baptiste Coclers (1696–1772) – painter
- Louis Bernard Coclers (1740–1817) – painter
- Peter Debye (1884–1966) – Nobel prize winning chemist
- Tom Dumoulin (built-in 1990) – cyclist, Giro d'Italia winner
- Pierre Essers (built-in 1959) – footballer
- Robin Frijns (born 1991) - Racing Commuter
- Hendrick Fromantiou (1633/4 – subsequently 1693) – still life painter
- Joop Haex (1911–2002) – politician
- André Henri Abiding van Hasselt (1806–1874) – French-writing poet
- Hubert Hermans (born 1937) – psychologist and creator of Dialogical Self Theory
- Pieter van den Hoogenband (born 1978) – swimmer and a triple Olympic champion
- Pierre Kemp (1886–1967) – poet
- Sjeng Kerbusch (1947–1991) – beliefs geneticist
- Mathieu Kessels (1784–1836) – sculptor
- Lambert of Maastricht (c. 636 – c. 705) – bishop, saint
- Eric van der Luer (born 1965) – footballer, football game director
- Pierre Lyonnet (1708–1789) – naturalist, cryptographer, engraver
- Félix de Mérode (1791–1857) – politician, writer
- Jan Pieter Minckeleers (1748–1824) – scientist and inventor of coal gas lighting
- Bram Moszkowicz (born 1960) – ex-barrister
- Benny Neyman (1951–2008) – singer of pop songs
- Tom Nijssen (built-in 1964) – tennis histrion
- Jacques Ogg (born 1948) – harpsichordist
- Henrietta d'Oultremont (1792–1864) – second wife of William I of holland
- January Peumans (born 1951) – Belgian politician
- Guido Pieters (born 1948) – moving-picture show director
- Dick Raaymakers (1930–2013) – composer, theater maker
- Prince Rajcomar (built-in 1985) – football player
- Louis Regout (1861–1915) – politico
- André Rieu (born 1949) – violinist, conductor and composer
- Fred Rompelberg (born 1945) – cyclist, old world record holder
- Louis Rutten (1884-1946) – Dutch geologist
- Henri Sarolea (1844–1900) – railway entrepreneur and contractor
- Bryan Smeets (born 1992) - Football game role player
- Hubert Soudant (built-in 1946) – conductor
- Victor de Stuers (1843–1916) – politico, monument conservationist
- Jac. P. Thijsse (1865–1945) – botanist, conservationist
- Frans Timmermans (built-in 1961) – pol
- Johann Friedrich August Tischbein (1750–1812) – portrait painter
- Maxime Verhagen (born 1956) – politico
- Hubert Vos (1855–1935) – painter
- Ad Wijnands (born 1959) – cyclist, Bout de France stage winner
- Jeroen Willems (1962–2012) – actor, singer
- Henri Winkelman (1876–1952) – general
- Danny Wintjens (born 1983) – football goalkeeper
- Boudewijn Zenden (born 1976) – football actor
- Kim Zwarts (born 1955) – photographer
Residing in Maastricht [edit]
- Jo Bonfrere (built-in 1946) – football player
- Willy Brokamp (born 1946) – football player
- Jeroen Brouwers (born 1940) – writer, journalist
- Gondulph of Maastricht (c. 524 – c. 607) – bishop, saint
- Theo Hiddema (built-in 1944) – lawyer
- Willem Hofhuizen (1915–1986) – painter
- Monulph of Maastricht (sixth century) – bishop, saint
- Max Moszkowicz (born 1926) – lawyer
- Servatius of Maastricht (4th century – 384?) – bishop, saint
- Jan van Steffeswert (15th/16th century) – sculptor, wood carver
- Aert van Tricht (15th/16th century) – metal caster
- Henric van Veldeke (12th century) – poet, hagiographer
Local anthem [edit]
In 2002 the municipal government officially adopted a local canticle (Limburgish (Maastrichtian variant): Mestreechs Volksleed, Dutch: Maastrichts Volkslied) equanimous of lyrics in Maastrichtian. The theme was originally written by Ciprian Porumbescu (1853–1883).[47]
| Maastrichtian municipal anthem (Mestreechs Volksleed) (adopted 2002, written 1910) |
|---|
|
Gallery [edit]
-
-
-
Dinghuis
-
Townhall
-
Mosae Forum
-
Saint Servatius Basilica
-
Onze-Lieve-Vrouweplein
-
-
Lang Grachtje
-
Helpoort ("Hell'due south Gate")
-
Pater Vink Tower
-
-
Stadspark
-
-
Bassin harbour
-
-
Railroad train station, Wyck
-
Stationsplein, Wyck
-
Hoeg Brögk
-
Charles Eyckpark, Céramique
-
Public library, Céramique
-
Fortress Sint Pieter
-
View from Slavante
-
Castle ruin Lichtenberg
-
Huis de Torentjes
-
ENCI quarry
-
-
View on Cannerberg
Vrijthof square, early on forenoon
See also [edit]
- Jewish inhabitants of Maastricht
- Maastricht Treaty
- Treaty of Maastricht (1843)
- The Maastrichtian Historic period, which marks the terminate of the Cretaceous Menses and Mesozoic Era of geological time
References [edit]
- Notes
- ^ "Mrs. Annemarie Penn-te Strake" [Mr. Annemarie Penn-te Strake] (in Dutch). Gemeente Maastricht. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 12 Oct 2013.
- ^ "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2020" [Key figures for neighbourhoods 2020]. StatLine (in Dutch). CBS. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
- ^ "Postcodetool for 6211DW". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 12 October 2013.
- ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per calendar month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. ane January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019.
- ^ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; Regionale kerncijfers Nederland" [Regional core figures Netherlands]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. one January 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ Including the Belgian municipalities of Lanaken, Riemst and Maasmechelen to the westward and Visé to the south.
- ^ Basically, the metropolitan areas of Maastricht, Liège, Hasselt-Genk, Sittard-Geleen, Heerlen-Kerkrade and Aachen-Düren establish the densely populated urban core of the Meuse–Rhine Euroregion.
- ^ "Maastricht". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English language Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
- ^ "Maastricht" (US) and "Maastricht". Oxford Dictionaries UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. north.d. Retrieved iv April 2019.
- ^ "Maastricht". Merriam-Webster Dictionary . Retrieved 4 Apr 2019.
- ^ "Zicht op Maastricht". zichtopmaastricht.nl. Retrieved 19 Baronial 2012.
- ^ "The Economist Charlemagne: Return to Maastricht Oct 8th 2011". Economist.com. viii October 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
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{{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Cannabis Cafes Get Nudge to Fringes of a Dutch City [ permanent dead link ] , The New York Times, 20 August 2006.
- ^ "Marc Michel Josemans v. Burgemeester van Maastricht, case C‑137/09". Court of Justice of the Eu. 16 Dec 2010. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012.
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- Literature
- Lourens, Piet; Lucassen, Jan (1997). Inwonertallen van Nederlandse steden ca. 1300–1800. Amsterdam: NEHA. ISBN9057420082.
Bibliography [edit]
External links [edit]
- Maastricht city portal
- Maastricht municipality website
- Maastricht in Roman times Archived nineteen July 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- Webpage most Maastricht fortifications Archived 24 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- Webpage nigh the 1673 siege Archived nine May 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- Maastricht tourism website
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maastricht
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